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Otagi nenbutsu is a style of Japanese sculpture renowned for its quality, beauty and spiritual significance. Originating in the 12th century, this type of sculpture is part of a religious practice known as Pure Land Buddhism, which aims to recreate a paradise on Earth where enlightenment can be achieved. The sculptures represent men and women in various states of dress and undress, engaging in activities such as dancing, laughing, and praying. The sculptures are usually made from wood, clay, mud, or metal, and decorated in bright colors, gold, and detailed carvings.

The religious practice of Otagi nenbutsu began in 1175 when the Buddhist monk, Shinran Shonin, established the principal temple of Pure Land Buddhism, Todaiji temple in Nara. The practice of Otagi nenbutsu was an attempt to recreate the pure land of enlightenment, Amida Butsu, on earth. The practice consists of making human figures of all ages and both sexes, which are then placed at the site of the temple. These figures are believed to recreate Amida Butsu on earth, allowing spiritual growth and enlightenment to be achieved by those that interact with them.

The sculptures themselves were often carved out of wood and painted brightly with vivid colors such as red, yellow, and blue. The sculptures would usually be adorned with real jewelry and detailed and detailed carvings to make them look more lifelike. As the practice and popularity of Otagi nenbutsu grew, these sculptures became even more beautiful and detailed. On the head of the sculpture would usually be an inscription in Chinese characters, which named the person, their age, and any rituals or qualities that were associated with them. The stories and meaning behind each sculpture were meant to act as a source of enlightenment and guidance for the viewer.